填空式考研英语阅读练与析3
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(7)
Directions: In the following article， some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5， choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices， which do not fit in any of the gaps.
The Revolutionary War， which began officially on April 19， 1775， dragged on for more than six bitter years. It was a conflict fought by the colonials for the righteous cause of securing freedom from intolerable British intervention in American affairs.
1) ___________________. When legal restrictions were implemented by both the British and the colonists in 1775， nearly all American overseas commerce abruptly ceased. By mid1775， the colonies faced acute shortages in such military essentials as powder， flints， muskets， and knives. Even salt， shoes， woolens， and linens were in short supply. Late in 1775， Congress authorized limited trade with the West Indies， mainly to procure arms and ammunitions， and trade with other nonBritish areas was on an unrestricted basis by the spring of 1776.
2) ___________________. Yet the colonies engaged in international trade despite the blockade. Formal treaties of commerce with France in 1778 and with Holland and Spain shortly thereafter stimulated the flows of overseas trade. Between 1778 and early 1782， American wartime commerce was at its zenith. During those years， France， Holland， Spain， and their possessions all actively traded with the colonies. Even so， the flow of goods in and out of the colonies remained well below prewar levels. Smuggling， privateering， and legal trade with overseas partners only partially offset the drastic trade reductions with Britain. Even the coastal trades were curtailed by a lack of vessels， by blockades， and by wartime freight rates. Britishoccupied ports， such as New York， generated some import activity but little or nothing in the way of exports.
3) ___________________. In Philadelphia， for instance， nearly 4，000 women were employed to spin materials in their homes for the newly established textile plants. A sharp increase also occurred in the number of artisan workshops with a similar stimulus in the production of beer， whiskey， and other domestic alcoholic beverages. 4)Only the leastcommercialized rural areas remained little affected by the serpentine path of war and the sporadic flows of wartime commerce.
Overall， the war imposed a distinct economic hardship on the new nation. Most goods rose in cost and were more difficult to obtain. High prices and severe commercial difficulties encouraged some nvestors to turn from commerce to manufacturing. Then， once the trade lanes reopened with the coming of peace， even those who profited from the war were stung by the tide of imports that swept it to American ports and sharply lowered prices. 5) ___________________.
［A］The rechanneling of American resources into importcompeting industries was especially strong along the coast and in the major port cities.
［B］As exports and imports fell， import substitution abounded， and the colonial economy became considerably more selfsufficient.
［C］ Although many Americans escaped the direct ordeals of war， few Americans were untouched by it — at least indirectly.
［D］ Nevertheless， the British maintained a fairly effective naval blockade of American ports， especially during the first two years of the war.
［E］ Internally， the most pressing problems were financial.
［F］More important was the fact that Congress had no independent income and had to rely for funds on catchascatchcan contributions from the states， made roughly in proportion to their individual populations.
［G］Maritime commerce was always an important factor in the war effort， and trade linkages were vital to the supply of arms and ammunitions.
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答案及详解
1.G。海上商业活动历来是战事中的重要环节，而保持贸易联系对于武器弹药的供应至关重要。第一段介绍了美国独立战争及意义。第二段说明独立战争的深刻根源。后面提到海外贸易的中止；火药、手雷、枪支及刀具比基本军需品的严重短缺。可知第一句应是对这两项的总体概述。所以应选G。
2.D。然而，英国对美国港口实施了相当有效的海上封锁，尤其在独立战争的最初两年，由下文：尽管封锁严密，各殖民地仍然开展着对外贸易，可知选D。
3.B。由于贸易活动的减少，进口替代品的生产兴旺起来，殖民地的经济因而更加自给自足。下文：例如在费城，新建的纺织厂雇用了近4000名妇女在家里纺织布料。工匠作坊也大量涌现，刺激了啤酒、威士忌及其它国产酒类的酿造。此段所举的例子都是为说明殖民地的经济因而更加自给自足。
4.A。美国的生产资源流动与进口货对抗的行业，这一趋势在沿海地区及港口大城市尤为强劲，免受战争炮火硝烟与战时贸易封锁影响的只有那些远离商业活动的乡村地区。前面的“沿海地区及港口大城市”与后文“乡村地区”形成对比。
5.C。虽然许多美国人逃脱了战争的直接厄运，但没有谁躲过战争的间接冲击。前文讲“总的来说，战争带给这个新兴的国家的是显而易见的经济困苦。大多数商品价格上涨，且供应紧张。昂贵的价格与贸易的极度艰难促使一些投资者从商业转向制造业。之后，随着战争的结束，贸易通道重新开放，即使那些在战争中赚了一笔的人都为潮水般地涌入美国港口并引起行情骤降的进口商品而痛心疾首。”选项E为干扰项。
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中心思想
英国独立战争对于北美殖民地反对英国暴政、追求独立自主的正义事业意义深远。但是，如同其他战争一样，所付出的代价是沉重的。除了人员伤亡造成的巨大损失，军需供应扰乱了殖民地的经济秩序。此外，英国的贸易封锁造成物资匮乏，国内财政赤字引发恶性通货膨胀。尽管生活困窘，殖民地人群情激昂，又战斗又生产，带动了美国制造业的兴旺。
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(8)
Directions:In the following article， some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5， choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices， which do not fit in any of the gaps.
On the ground floor of a fivestory building in Rome， Italy， a leadaproned man carefully places a 400yearold painting on a table. Then he steps back and flips the switch of a 50，000volt X-ray machine. Nearby， another painting is being wheeled into a special oven. Elsewhere the buzz of a power saw is heard from behind a closed door. Two workers are cutting the back off a 500yearold wood panel painting.
Such things happen every day at Rome’s Institute of Restoration. 1) ____________.
In terms of art treasures， Italy is one of the richest countries in the world. Yet until 1939， when Italy’s government founded the Institute， the country’s museums had to hire private restorers for cleaning and repair jobs. Says Doctor Urbani， “Most of the restorers did not have proper training. They often did more harm than good.”
No wonder they did harm. 2) ___________________.
3) ___________________. Sometimes they even changed the picture.
Any number of things can damage a work of art. Smog eats away at stone and metal. Insects chew wood. Moisture causes wood and canvas to swell， shrink and finally rot. For one art show， a painting was flown from England to Rome. During the flight， the canvas shrank so much that the paint lost its grip and began peeling. When the box was opened in Rome， there was a halfbare painting——and a pile of tiny colored flakes.
Doctor Urbani remembers，“The painting was rushed to us. It looked hopeless. But we never give up on a case.” After months of slow， careful work， every piece of paint had been puzzled back together and glued on a new canvas. The job was so well done that no damage could be seen.
When a painting arrives at the art hospital， it goes to the laboratory， where scientific work is done. Infrared and ultraviolet photographs are taken. 4) Newer coats of paint stand out as dark spots against older coats of paint. If there seems to be a different picture beneath the one showing on the surface， the painting is finally Xrayed.
Paintings on wood are then carried into a boxcarsized room. 5) ______________. For 24 hours， a deadly gas seeps into all the cracks in the wood to kill hidden bugs and their eggs. Paintings on torn canvas go to a room where new cloth backings are glued and ironed on. Finally the paintings are ready to be given new life by one of the restorers.
［A］Instead of just touching up damaged spots， most early restorers painted over them with a heavy hand.
［B］Using these photographs and an analysis of the paint， it began removing dirt and old， yellowed varnish with cotton dipped in a special liquid.
［C］Headed by Doctor Giovanui Urbani， the men and women here work at keeping works of art in good health.
［D］These photographs make it possible to see through the thin top coats of paint to find out if the painting has been touched up or painted over in the past.
［E］They often cleaned paintings with strong black soap， or scrubbed them with raw onions and green apples.
［F］The door is sealed shut.
［G］After cleaning， they began the job of filling in the spots where paint was missing.
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答案及详解
1.C。开篇第一段，向人们展示了两幅场景，那究竟是要做什么呢？其实从后面的文章不难理解，这说的是一家“艺术品医院”，所以填入此处的句子应点明这个主题。
2.E。文章第四段第一句说，难怪乎他们只会损坏文物，接下来的描述就证明了这一点，即用“肥皂、生洋葱、青苹果去擦拭作品”。
3.A。文章第五段最后一句说“有时他们甚至改变了整幅作品”，可见破坏的更为严重，这已不仅仅是“对损坏的地方修正改正，而是干脆大笔一挥，在上面重画一气”。 这里要注意选项E与选项A比较容易位置混淆，但是只要分清它们各自表述的程度的轻重，也就可以把握了。
4.D。这句话的意思是“这些红外线和紫外线照片可以使人们透过上面薄薄一层油彩看到下面是否以前修补过或重新绘过”可见这是一种处理修复受损艺术品的方法，而全文第八段说的都是这个。
5.F。“屋门关得严严实实”咋一看，这句话似乎没什么用，可是，从下一句我们看到“a deadly gas”(一种致命的气体)，可见这句话也是必不可少了。
B。这句话虽然也提到照片，但主要就是用来起迷惑作用的，因为它的意思与全文都不相符。
G。这句话里也提到处理(clean)一些艺术品上的 spot， 但显然这只是一个迷惑选项，与全文的内容不能融合、呼应，故不选填。
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中心思想
本文向大家介绍了一家特殊的医院——艺术品医院，描述了如何对一些受损艺术品进行处理修复的方法和过程，也让人们了解了它存在的价值与重要性。
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(9)
Directions:In the following article， some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5， choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices， which do not fit in any of the gaps.
A new volcano was being born.The volcano in the cornfield grew until it was bigger than the cornfield! 1) ___________________. People called the volcano the Little Monster because it grew so fast. Scientists came from all over the world to study it and watch it grow. It is not often that people get a chance to watch a volcano from the very beginning.
Most of the volcanoes have been here for a very long time. Some have been here so long that now they are cold. They are called dead volcanoes. They have stopped throwing out fire and melted rock and smoke. It is safe to walk on them. Farms are plowed on the quiet slopes， and people have built houses there.
Some volcanoes have stopped throwing out hot rock， but they still smoke a little now and then. They are “sleeping”volcanoes. Sometime they may “wake up”.
2) ___________________.
Today volcanoes are not so dangerous for people as they were a long time ago. Now we know more about why volcanoes do what they do， and we can usually tell when they are going to do it . 3) ___________________.
People used to think dragons under the earth caused volcanoes. They said the smoke that puffed above the ground was the dragon’s breath. They said the earthquakes were caused by the dragon’s moving around down in the earth. Now we know that this is not true.
Another thing we know about volcanoes is that they don’t happen just anywhere. 4) ___________________. Scientists know where these places are， and maps have been made to let everybody know.
There are different kinds of volcanoes. Some explode so violently that the rock goes high into the air and falls miles away. A volcano may shoot out ashes so high that they float all the way around the world. They have made the sunsets green and the snow purple.
5) ___________________.
One very tall volcano stays fiery red at the top all the time. It is lucky that the volcano is near the ocean. Sailors can use it for a lighthouse.
［A］Other volcanoes are more gentle. The hot lava rises in their cones and overflows， rolling slowly down the mountainside， where it becomes cool and hard.
［B］ Black smoke puffed out. Hot ashes fell like black snowflakes. Hot rock and fire and lava shot out.
［C］Smoke puffed up， and rock started popping up out of a crack that opened in the ground.
［D］A volcano named Vesuvius slept for a thousand years. But it woke up and threw out so much hot melted rock that it buried the buildings of two cities.
［E］Before a sleeping volcano wakes up， it usually makes a noise
like faraway thunder， and the ground shakes in small earthquakes.
People are warned and have time to get away safely.
［F］A volcano starts from a hole in the ground from which hot rock and smoke and steam come out. Far， far under the ground it is so hot that rock melts. This hot melted rock， or lava， is sometimes pushed out of the earth through a hole or a crack in the ground. The steam inside the earth pushes the rock out.
［G］There are certain places under the earth where the rock is broken in a way that lets the steam and hot rock escape to the outside more easily.
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答案及详解
1.B。填写这几句话时，应该从上下文的语境和语意中来理解，前一句说火山开始萌发了。后一句说人们把火山称为小恶魔因为是它萌发的十分迅速，可见中间的三句话应该描述的是火山萌发的过程，而需要填写的这三句话，简明、扼要、显得很有力量，同时也很形象地说明了问题。
2.D。填写这段话时，应结合前文来看。文章的第四段说明了有一种火山的类型，就是“休眠火山”，那么下一段，理所当然可以举个例子来说明。
3.E。填写这几句话时，也应该结合上文来理解。在本段的前几句提到，现在的火山已不再让人类感到那么恐惧，因为人类已经可以预知它的发生了。紧接下来，就从声音、地面晃动等情况描述了火山苏醒时的情景注意本句话比较容易和选项D填写的位置弄混淆。
4.G。填写这句话时可以看到，前一句说的是我们已经知道火山不会在所有的地方爆发，那究竟哪些地方不会发生火山呢，这句话就作出了描述，讲明了原因。
5.A。填写这段话时，应结合上文，前一段就说明了有很多种类型的火山，并列举了一种爆发时很猛烈的火山，那么与之对应，也就有爆发时相对温柔的火山。
F。这段话也是描述了火山萌发过程，很容易将它填在①处，但它不合适的原因是，过于冗长，不适合当时的语言环境，不能很好的表达出人们要将火山称之为小恶魔时的恐惧的心情。
C。这句话描述的是烟喷出，岩石迸出，火山即将爆发时的场景，显然没有其它合适的地方填这句话，另外，可能有人会将它与选项G混淆，应注意区分两者的意思。
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中心思想
本文从火山喷发的过程。火山的种类、以及目前人类对火山的了解等诸多方面，较为详尽地向我们展示了火山这一奇妙的自然景观。
